The main purpose of this paper is to draw on the model of caching up in aviation industry with emphasis on passenger aircraft by using the experiences of late comer countries and considering the capabilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to present pattern and identify the strategies and measures needed in this direction. This is done by comparative exploration in aviation industry of countries such as China, Japan, Canada and Brazil, where the timeframe of their aviation development plans is nearer. The method of present study is qualitative and its strategy is multiple case study. In this research we are looking for methods of caching up the technology of the late comer in aviation industry. At first, historical of the aviation industry has been studied with a focus on the last 24 years. In this review, high citation paper even if related to older times, have been considered. we selected the countries such as Canada, Brazil, China and Japan, that are the owner of company such as Bombardier, Embraer in Canada and Brazil respectively, and aircraft models C919 and ARJ21 in China and the MRJ21 in Japan. By reviewing their capabilities actions of the China, Japan, Canada and Brazil obtained and compared with IRAN’ S capabilities, Iran’ s technology gap has been identified, and based on this, in catching up of technology based on three important factors: i) Indigenous R&D; ii) Export oriented and iii) Capability and capacity making, and the alignment pattern by emphasizing on part manufacturing and industrial offset with emphasizing on privatization and project implementation in six stages, are issued. After reviewing their historical development, the capability actions of the selected countries are obtained and compared with IRAN’ S capabilities, and coming in the table 3 to 7. Iran’ s technology gap has been identified in this area, and on this basis strategic implications in this area have been identified and present a pattern.

Airline industry is one of the important factors in economic, social, political and cultural development and one of the most important indicators of economic growth of any country. In addition to being the driver of other sectors of the national economy, this industry has social benefits due to its role in increasing consumer welfare and cultural development of nations. Considering the economic, social and political dimensions of this industry,This article with a pathological view of Iran's aviation industry during the last half century, tries to examine the challenges and obstacles to the development of Iran's commercial airlines industry. Based on this, the main question of the research is, how do the actors and activists of the aviation industry understand and interpret the challenges and obstacles to the development of this industry? And what do they know about its bases and reasons? The method of qualitative research was done by thematic analysis. The interviewees were selected by purposive sampling method; And in the next step, basic information was extracted using the maximum diversity method. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews. Data analysis was done by thematic method. For this purpose, descriptive coding was done first, followed by interpretive coding. In this way, the extraction of meaning units, coding, categorization and finally access to core categories or themes of the events were done. From the analysis of the interviews, 48 concepts and 12 categories were obtained from the extracted concepts, and 4 core categories were counted among the categories. Based on the findings of the research, low strategic literacy, politicization, monopolistic globalization and Sanction of the airline industry are the most important challenges and obstacles to the development of the industry from the point of view of activists and activists of this industry.

Background and Aim The purpose of the present research is to identify and introduce the strategic model of human resources of the Iran aviation system to identify and introduce appropriate strategies for each sub-process of human resource management in the system. Developing a human resource strategy is more about integration and cohesion. Integration is one of the basic goals of strategic human resource management; i. e., ensuring that human resource management plans are fully integrated with strategic plans. Human resource management systems can be a source of capabilities that enable the organization to recognize new opportunities and invest in them, so that to increase the correct integrity of human resource systems and business strategy. Method The present study is applied research in terms of purpose. It is a qualitative research in terms of nature of data gathering. The statistical population includes all aviation system experts, including managers, commanders and senior aviation and aviation specialists, who were selected to participate in semi-structured interviews. The method of selecting the interviewees is snowball and after interviewing 35 people, theoretical saturation was obtained. The method of data analysis is content analysis. Results Based on various dimensions such as logic, purpose and pattern of strategic reference points, based on the strategy of analysis with interviews with aviation experts, the main and comprehensive topics in the field of categorization and accurate separation of occupations including the characteristics of strategic occupations, characteristics expected staff and manifestations of HR processes were discovered. Then, the group interview method was used and with the meeting of all experts, all the strategic reference points of the aviation system were also discovered. Conclusion Based on the separation of industry jobs, the strategies developed are: main (special) jobs; Creative Commitment, Interactive Commitment and Interactive Contracting, Specialized Jobs; Committed professional and contractual assignment, support jobs; Creative and secondary fatherly assignment and sensitive jobs; General paternal and general secondary.

Background and Objective: The aviation is one of the main producers of greenhouse gases. Nowadays, improving the environmental performance is one of the important challenges of aviation. There is consensus on improvements in technology, aviation operations and infrastructure in order to reduce carbon emissions in the aviation sector. The aim of current study is identify and rank of the dimensions and components of the green policy in the aviation. Material and Methodology: The direction of the research is applied and according to the type of method, it is mixed (quantitative and qualitative) and exploratory. Sampling in the qualitative part has been done purposefully and the interviews continued upto theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, an in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 experts in the aviation and climate changs. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. After gathering the dimensions and components and designing the theme network, the dimensions and components were ranked by used of DANP method. Findings: The results show that the green policy in the aviation includes structural, content, contextual, environmental dimensions and 14 components. The most important dimention was related to structural dimention (0.2548 weights), followed by contextual dimensions (0.2517), environmental dimension (0.2509) and content dimension (0.2425)   Discussion and Conclusion: To adopt a green policy in the aviation, focosed on the structural dimension is crutial and then other components of "green technology", "green infrastructure", "communication", "organizational structure", "planning" and "decision making" are very imortant in next stage.

The organizational life pervaded with politics (some organizations more than others are). Hence, political behavior is an ordinary part of the Performance Appraisals (PAS) processes and PAS are highly prone by politics. Politics is an important determinant in the pay systems as both supervisors and subordinates have possibilities to influence the results of the appraisal process. The overall atmosphere of all organizations has an influence on the effectiveness of the performance appraisals. The core objective of this review is to accomplish an imperative review of "the politics of performance appraisal” by enticing material from diverse literatures. The study conducted in the aviation industry in Islamabad. Total sample size for this study is 100 including both senior and middle management and comprised of employees who had participated in the organization's appraisal process for at least two years. Politics often enters the performance appraisal method thus manipulating the works. Therefore, to keep the process hindered in a political game, a conscious effort needed by both the manager and those training him or her in appraisal techniques. This study provides useful insights by demonstrating the importance of effective PA in enhancing performance in aviation industry context. Moreover, this study sets out to investigate the politics of PAS in Aviation industry in Islamabad. The results revealed a negative perception that the employees held of the PAS that the system affected by subjectivity, and was influenced by some major errors.

Organizations are considered living entities whose character and identities, either healthy or unhealthy, are quite independent of their members. In this regard, it could be argued that a healthy organization can act efficiently to attract the citizens’ satisfaction, thus developing social trust. On the other hand, the Aviation Industry consists of companies and organizations, playing a pivotal role in the economic, social, cultural, technological, and developmental programs in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, the organizational health of this industry can increase the citizens’ social trust. Accordingly, this applied-developmental qualitative study sought to present a model of social trust-based organizational health to be used in Iran’s Aviation Industry using a grounded theory method. The required data were collected via semi-structured interviews made with twenty experts. The collected data were then analyzed using the NVivo software, according to which 218 open and 32 axial codes were extracted through open coding. The findings of the study suggested that factors related to service quality, customers (the passengers), the Aviation Industry, and staff and managers (human resources) were among the causal conditions. Furthermore, the background conditions involved in the organizational health of the Aviation industry were the status of the managers, staff, airports, aviation fleet, and the industry. Moreover, the intervening conditions identified in this regard included political, economic, technological, social, and legal factors. On the other hand, the study found that strategies such as promoting strategic thinking, improving communications, increasing technological utilization, and improving organizational structure could help enhance the organizational health of the Aviation Industry. Finally, the outcomes of such an enhancement could affect customers (passengers), the Aviation Industry, the staff, and the managers (human resources).

One of the most prominent functions of human resource management in organizations is employee performance management, which plays an important role as a lever point in the change, transformation and development of the organization. The present study aims to design a model of employee performance management in the national aviation industry. The present study is based on philosophy, interpretation, inductive approach, case study strategy, complex hybrid methodology, one-time cross-sectional horizon, and techniques and processes using interviews and expert questionnaires. The statistical population of the study included university professors and experts from senior human resource managers of companies active in the national aviation industry. The statistical sample was selected by a purposeful judgment method of 14 people and continued until the stage of theoretical saturation of data. Data collection tools in this study include a semi-structured interview and an expert-based questionnaire. To ensure the validity of the research tool, the criterion of acceptability and verifiable validity was used by the interview participants. The retest method was used to calculate the reliability of the research tool. The test reliability of the test was 87. 71%. Data analysis was performed in the qualitative part by thematic analysis method and in the quantitative part by structural-interpretive modeling (ISM). The results of the content analysis resulted in the identification of themes and categories related to employee performance management, which is formed in the form of five comprehensive categories: drivers, planning, actions, drivers of effectiveness, and outcomes of performance management.

Background & Purpose: In today's complex and dynamic world, innovation is recognized as a key competitive advantage in advanced industries, especially the aerospace and aviation industry. On the other hand, the entrepreneurial orientation of organizations can provide a suitable platform for improving innovation performance. Considering the strategic and technological nature of the aviation industries, examining the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and innovative performance of these industries can provide practical insights for policymakers, managers, and researchers. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation on innovation performance in the Iranian aviation industries. Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose, survey-correlative research in terms of nature, and quantitative in terms of data type. The statistical population of this study includes Iranian aviation companies. Research data were collected through a standard questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through structural equation modeling using the partial least squares method using SmartPLS3 software. Findings: The analysis of the research data showed that learning orientation mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation performance. This finding indicated that while entrepreneurial orientation directly affects product innovation performance, learning orientation can enhance this effect and demonstrate its vital role in the innovation process. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening learning orientation in companies to enhance the positive effects of entrepreneurial orientation on product innovation performance. By conducting this research, companies can perform better in today's competitive environment and improve their innovative capabilities. Strengthening this orientation at the organizational level can promote innovative capacities, increase competitiveness, and improve technological performance in this strategic industry. Managers and policymakers can provide a suitable platform for innovation to flourish by supporting an entrepreneurial culture and designing incentive structures.

For improving a technology it is essential to activate NIS to help technology to grow. It is the same for Aviation industry. Aviation industry will be one of the seven major industries in the world in future. And improvement in this field can cause improvement in other industrial fields. On the other hand one of the most important ways for technology catch-up is benchmarking. Benchmarking helps us to see how successful we can be.Three factors have major roles in air industry: first, economies of scale. Second, airframe manufacturing .Third, in the case of airplanes, development, modification and maintenance require extremely intimate manufacturer-customer relations or user-active innovation. In this sense, every passenger jet that takes off is in fact a customized product rather than a homogenous commodity.These three are the most important things to pay attention in air industry in this article .Here we compare NIS in Japan, Russia, Brazil and analyze what they have done for improving aviation industry, and see which of them is more successful. Then we try to choose the most suitable and compare Iranian air industry with the prosperous model among the 3 countries in order to suggest a NIS model for Iran.

Aviation industry has delivering numerous different services in the field of air transportation for more than a century. since than, this industry has grown as a highly important sector. Since flight routes and aircrafts themselves have found more complex features, air ports also had to evolve in order for them to be in concert with increasing numbers of destinations, flights and travellers. Later, when aircraft become a target for terrorist operations, legislators began to search for solutions to make airport security, procedures mandatory. Although security levels were enhanced, those who perpetrated air-related crimes began to find novel innovative ways in order to challenge this system. Since the beginning of this industry formation, unlawful acts against aviation security were among those factors which were effective in creating very extensive challenges and threats, of which 2001 September 11 events were the most important ones in terms of the event extent. on this basis, in addition to international institutions, communities and organizations, especially ICAO, national governments attempted to formulate and approve legal rules in order to confront with challenges and threats caused by devastating effects of illegal acts against aviation security.